www.coria-cfd.fr - User contributions [en]

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T07:19:18Z

Mercier: /* Oil churning (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}


=== '''Oil churning''' (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) ===

Simulation performed with the spray solver (SPS) of YALES2 with an accurate conservative level set (ACLS) method. The lowest part of the cylinder is immersed in an oil bath: as the cylinder rotates, the oil is entrained and then some droplets are ejected because of inertia.
Moreover, some air engulfment in the oil bath can also be observed at the front part of the cylinder. Experiments from [Changenet et al., 2011] and [Leprince et al., 2012].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Oil churning with YALES2 (left: 2D slice colored by cell size; Right: 3D liquid-gaz interface)
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_Metric.mp4|width=512|height=300}}{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/c/c7/Churning_3D.mp4|width=512|height=300}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T07:16:36Z

Mercier: /* Oil churning (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}


=== '''Oil churning''' (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) ===

Simulation performed with the spray solver (SPS) of YALES2 with an accurate conservative level set (ACLS) method. The lowest part of the cylinder is immersed in an oil bath: as the cylinder rotates, the oil is entrained and then some droplets are ejected because of inertia.
Moreover, some air engulfment in the oil bath can also be observed at the front part of the cylinder. Experiments from [Changenet et al., 2011] and [Leprince et al., 2012].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_Metric.mp4|width=512|height=300}}{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/c/c7/Churning_3D.mp4|width=512|height=300}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T07:16:15Z

Mercier: /* Oil churning (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}


=== '''Oil churning''' (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) ===

Simulation performed with the spray solver (SPS) of YALES2 with an accurate conservative level set (ACLS) method. The lowest part of the cylinder is immersed in an oil bath: as the cylinder rotates, the oil is entrained and then some droplets are ejected because of inertia.
Moreover, some air engulfment in the oil bath can also be observed at the front part of the cylinder. Experiments from [Changenet et al., 2011] and [Leprince et al., 2012].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_Metric.mp4|width=512|height=300}}
{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/c/c7/Churning_3D.mp4|width=512|height=300}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

File:Churning Metric.mp4

2022-06-01T07:14:30Z

Mercier: Mercier uploaded a new version of File:Churning Metric.mp4

File:Churning 3D.mp4

2022-06-01T07:13:30Z

Mercier: Mercier uploaded a new version of File:Churning 3D.mp4

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T07:11:51Z

Mercier: /* Oil churning (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}


=== '''Oil churning''' (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) ===

Simulation performed with the spray solver (SPS) of YALES2 with an accurate conservative level set (ACLS) method. The lowest part of the cylinder is immersed in an oil bath: as the cylinder rotates, the oil is entrained and then some droplets are ejected because of inertia.
Moreover, some air engulfment in the oil bath can also be observed at the front part of the cylinder. Experiments from [Changenet et al., 2011] and [Leprince et al., 2012].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_Metric.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/c/c7/Churning_3D.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T07:08:59Z

Mercier: /* Two-phase flows */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}


=== '''Oil churning''' (Cailler et al., ICMF 2019) ===

Simulation performed with the spray solver (SPS) of YALES2 with an accurate conservative level set (ACLS) method. The lowest part of the cylinder is immersed in an oil bath: as the cylinder rotates, the oil is entrained and then some droplets are ejected because of inertia.
Moreover, some air engulfment in the oil bath can also be observed at the front part of the cylinder. Experiments from [Changenet et al., 2011] and [Leprince et al., 2012].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_Metric.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/d/d8/Churning_3D.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

File:Churning Metric.mp4

2022-06-01T07:02:43Z

Mercier:

File:Churning 3D.mp4

2022-06-01T07:02:28Z

Mercier:

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T06:34:57Z

Mercier: /* Two-phase flows */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326631733_Primary_atomization_simulation_applied_to_a_jet_in_crossflow_aeronautical_injector_with_dynamic_mesh_adaptation Leparoux et al., ICLASS 2018]) ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T06:31:30Z

Mercier: /* Liquid jet in cross flow */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=600}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T06:30:40Z

Mercier: /* Liquid jet in cross flow */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T06:22:46Z

Mercier: /* Liquid jet in cross flow */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://www.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=768}}
|}
|}



=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

File:Ragucci.mp4

2022-06-01T06:22:13Z

Mercier:

YALES2 Gallery

2022-06-01T06:21:39Z

Mercier: /* Two-phase flows */

__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}


{{Main Page/Header new
| welcome = Welcome to the YALES2 gallery
| description = Selected images and videos of high-fidelity simulations
| links =
}}


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-first">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 990000
| title = Combustion
| content =
Reactive flow simulations with the variable density solver

*[[#Preccinsta burner|Preccinsta burner]]
*[[#KIAI burner|KIAI burner]]
*[[#Stratified combustion|Stratified combustion]]
*[[#Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry|Two-phase flow tabulated chemistry]]
*[[#MERCATO burner|MERCATO burner]]
*[[#MESOCORIA burner|MESOCORIA burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 331064
| title = Two-phase flows
| content =
Two-phase flow simulations with the spray solver (Conservative Level Set + Ghost-Fluid Method) and with the Lagrangian spray solver

*[[#Triple Disk Injector|Triple Disk Injector]]
*[[#Pouring flow|Pouring flow]]
*[[#Splashing|Splashing]]
*[[#Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner|Isothermal flow in the MERCATO burner]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = DEB887
| title = Granular flows
| content =
DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulations of granular flows

*[[#Settling of spherical particles|Settling of spherical particles]]
}}

</div></div>


<div class="wikidata-mainpage-column"><div class="wikidata-mainpage-column-second">

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 87CEFA
| title = Aerodynamics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Formula One|Formula One]]
*[[#Le Mans Series prototypes|Le Mans Series prototypes]]

Large-Eddy Simulation of wind turbines wakes
*[[#NTNU wind tunnel|NTNU wind tunnel]]
*[[#NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle|NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle]]
*[[#DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence|DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence]]
*[[#Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation|Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = FFD700
| title = Heat transfers
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#T7.2 blade|T7.2 blade]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 339966
| title = Biomechanics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Simulation of a cardiac cycle|Simulation of a cardiac cycle]]
}}

{{Main Page/Frame
| color = 405060
| title = Advanced numerics
| content =
Large-Eddy Simulation of aerodynamics of complex bodies

*[[#Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids|Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids]]
*[[#Dynamic mesh adaptation|Dynamic mesh adaptation]]
}}

</div></div>

{{Clear}}

== Combustion ==


=== '''PRECCINSTA Burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Direct Numerical Simulation of an aeronautical burner [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.12.004]. The mesh features 2.6 billion tetrahedrons and a resolution of 100 microns.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ PRECCINSTA burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_q_crit_persp.png|center|thumb|Iso-surface of the Q criterion for the isothermal case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_T_pub.png|center|thumb|Temperature field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
| [[File:PRECCINSTA_2634M_Y_OH.png|center|thumb|OH radical field for the fully premixed reacting case|250px]]
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| style="margin: 10px;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=B8o9Sfdqhhg|width=500|height=350}}
|}
| [[File:Couverture CRAS calcul intensif.png|center|thumb|Couverture du Numéro Spécial Calcul Intensif des Comptes Rendus de Mécanique de l'académie des sciences]]
|}



=== '''KIAI burner''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]])===
Large-Eddy Simulations of a swirl burner designed and operated at CORIA (J.P. Frenillot, G. Cabot, B. Renou, M. Boukhalfa).
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ KIAI burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:KIAI_382M_U.png|center|thumb|Velocity field for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| [[File:KIAI_382M_Q.png|center|thumb|Q-criterion for the cold flow - 382M tetrahedrons|350px]]
| colspan="3" |
{| style="margin: 8px|center;"
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=5SHPYYSow6U|width=500|height=350}}
|}
|}



=== '''Stratified combustion''' ([[User:Gruselle|Catherine Gruselle]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation and Direct Numerical Simulation of flame kernel development in a stratified propane/air mixture.
The turbulent simulation (left movie) reproduces the experimental measurements of Balusamy S., Lecordier B. and Cessou A. from CORIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Stratified combustion with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=-S_ROwvoWlA|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=LdKXaX4d5Uw|width=400|height=300}}
|}



=== '''Two phase flow tabulated chemistry''' ===

2D Large-Eddy Simulation, injection of a premixed kerosene/air mixture on the left with a high level of turbulence.
Some kerosene droplets are added to this premixing.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Two phase flow combustion with YALES2
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=jELXmBJLmVY|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Two phase flow in the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Farcyb|Benjamin Farcy]])===

3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under reactive conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:blue_flame.png|800px]]
|}


=== '''Reactive flow in the MESOCORIA burner''' ([[User:Benard|Pierre Benard]], [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Dangelo| Yves D'Angelo]]) ===

3D simulation of the MESOCORIA burner under reactive conditions: H2/CH4/air.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MESO-CORIA burner with YALES2
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=KiNwKE2t7v0|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=gey2Dv-WLg4|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Aerodynamics ==


=== '''Formula One''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Formula 1 meeting with the 2010 regulations.

The design is based on the 2008 car which was simulated with the Fluent software with less than one million cells.
The new car has the main features observed during the early part of F1 season, like the coca bottle shaped sidepods, the double-deck diffuser, the outer mirror disposition (forbidden by the FIA in the second part of the season), the three elements front wing.

The body of the car is discretized with 6.5mm element leading to 36 M cells in the computational domain.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Formula One with YALES2
|-
| [[File:F1_36M_streamtraces_1.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Streamlines|400px]]
| [[File:F1_36M_Q_3.png|center|thumb|Formula 1 with 36 Million cells - Iso-Q criterion|400px]]
|-
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=hhB7zQuL2QA|width=400|height=300}}
| align="center" | {{#widget:YouTube|id=7cjpkt9zru0|width=400|height=300}}
|}


=== '''Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes''' ([[User:Taieb|David Taieb]], [[User:Ribert|Guillaume Ribert]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Interaction between two Le Mans Series prototypes with YALES2
|-
| [[File:LMS_U_stream_025.jpg|center|Instantaneous streamlines colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_up_pressure.jpg|centerContour of pressure on the upper bodywork.|400px]]
|-
| [[File:LMS_stream_Umean.jpg|center|Streamlines of averaged velocity colored by velocity RMS.|400px]]
| [[File:LMS_wake_DF.jpg|center|Longitudinal slice of instantaneous velocity and downforce on bodies.|400px]]
|}


=== '''NTNU wind tunnel''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

This simulation represent results led in NTNU wind tunnel [1] by the YALES2 flow solver. This configuration present two aligned wind turbines to investigate wakes interaction. In this case the first wind turbine is yawed, i.e not aligned with the mean streamwise velocity. Moreover, the wind tunnel inflow is triggered by a upstream turbulence grid generating a sheared turbulent inflow. Such grid is modelled using an interesting method based on the actuator line method and can be found in [2].

[1] https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
[2] https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1803495

Similar study for various inflows and yaw angles can be found in this paper: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062064

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of two aligned wind-turbine in a wind tunnel
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=CWpm8Y1bK2c|width=700|height=400}}
|}
|}


=== '''NREL5MW under yaw with tower and nacelle''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of an increasingly yawed NREL5MW (Horizontal axis Wind turbine, Diameter=126m). The inlet velocity is 8m/s.
Wind turbine blades, tower and nacelle are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Volumic rendering of vorticity magnitude allow to observe the main vortices generated in the wake.
Between 10s and 30s, the wind turbine is slowly reaching a yaw angle of 30°. The generated tip vortices are interacting with the tower and nacelle wake, triggering the vortices destabilization.
The bottom boundary condition use a wall law model, which slowly generate a boundary layer type flow.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the Skylake partition. The cost of the simulation time (60s) is 3.7khCPU with a wall clock time of 6h on 616 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ LES of yawed NREL5MW wind turbine with tower and nacelle
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=FScq40rfBp0|width=630|height=280}}
|}
|}


=== '''DTU10MW under yaw and turbulence''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations of the DTU10MW (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Diameter=178,3m) under two differents inflows and two yaw angles.
The inlet velocity is 10m/s, for one of the inflow Mann synthetic turbulence is added to the mean.
Wind turbine blades are repsresented using the actuator line method.

Q-criterion contour colored by streamwise velocity allow to observe the rotor tip vortices destabilization in the wake.
For the cases with synthetic turbulence, the background vortices are in transparency.
With meshes gathering up to 1.7 Billions elements, the resolution allow to capture the fine interaction of tip vortices and the wake evolution up to 12 diameter (~2.2km).
The results are discussed in the following paper:
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012011

This work is part of the PRACE project WIMPY - Wind turbine Multi Physics.
These cases have been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition on 8448 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ High fidelity LES of yawed DTU10MW wind turbine under turbulent/non-turbulent inflows
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=ShVmN-ZpyVE|width=580|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation''' ([[User:Houtin|Félix Houtin-Mongrolle]], [[User:Benard|Pierre Bénard]], [[User:Lartigue|Ghislain Lartigue]] & [[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Initialization of the simulation of the interaction between the vortices shed by a bluff body and a vertical axis hydro turbine (VAHT, Diameter=3m). The inlet flow velocity is 5m/s.

The Strouhal number of the bluff body is synchronized with the VAHT rotation speed (TSR=3.14). The generated vortices are then transported and impact the VAHT blades profiles (DU40) when they are facing downstream.

This case had been run on TGCC Irene Joliot-Curie supercomputer, on the AMD Rome partition. The cost of one flow though time (5s) is 5.4khCPU with a wall clock time of 6.1h on 896 cores.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Vertical Axis Turbine Simulation
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=vKTHUtx2sxc|width=580|height=280}}
|}
|}

== Heat transfers ==


=== '''T7.2 Blade''' ([[User:Maheu|Nicolas Maheu]])===
Large-Eddy Simulation of heat exchanges on a turbine blade.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ T7.2 blade with YALES2
|-
| [[File:240M_isoQ175M_colorP_hd.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-Q criterion - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
| [[File:240M_isoT325K_colorUmean_hd_legend.png|center|thumb|T7.2 Blade - Iso-T 325K - 240M tetrahedrons|400px]]
|-
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=vNJrAP9F_kU|width=400|height=300}}
| {{#widget:YouTube|id=iZWYfN4vDrQ|width=400|height=300}}
|}

== Two-phase flows ==


=== '''Triple disk injector''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Computation of a Triple Disk injector (Grout et al 2007). The densities and viscosities are those of water and air at atmospheric pressure and temperature. The video on the left was performed with 203 million tets and the one on the right with 1.6 billion tets with a resolution of 2.5 microns.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=20Yr9eYIDFA|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=y9YfcKCFX0g|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Pouring flow''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]] and [http://cmes.colorado.edu/ Olivier Desjardins]) ===

Sample computation of a 2D two-phase flow with realistic properties for air and water to highlight the robustness of the method developed by Desjardins and Moureau at the 2010 CTR Summer Program.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Primary atomization with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=dPIfdasA2jw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Splashing''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

2D computation with YALES2 of a Lagrangian spray splashing on a wall and forming a film modeled with a level set and the Ghost Fluid Method. The grey particles and the grey film have the properties of water and the color represents the velocity magnitude in the gas. The Lagrangian particle are one-way coupled to the gas through drag for sake of simplicity.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Wall splashing with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=tzfz80irCLc|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Liquid jet in cross flow''' ===

Computation of a liquid kerosene jet in cross flow [Ragucci et al., 2007] using conservative level-set solver (SPS) coupled with parallel dynamic mesh adaptation with revisited numerical methods by [Janodet el al., JCP, 2022].

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Liquid jet in cross flow with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:Video|url=https://yales2.coria-cfd.fr/images/1/10/Ragucci.mp4|width=1024|height=768}}
|}
|}


=== '''Lagrangian simulation of the MERCATO burner''' ([[User:Guedot|Lola Guedot]]) ===
3D simulation of the MERCATO burner under isothermal conditions. Particles are two-way coupled with the gaseous phase. The mesh consists of 326 million tetrahedra. Velocity magnitude (top) and evaporated fuel mass fraction (bottom) are displayed in the mid-plane.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ MERCATO burner with YALES2
|-
| [[File:Belle_image_1.png|800px]]
|}

== Bio-mechanics from [http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/ I3M lab in Montpellier] ==


=== '''Simulation of a cardiac cycle''' ([[User:Chnafa|Christophe Chnafa]], [[User:Mendez|Simon Mendez]], [[User:Nicoud|Franck Nicoud]]) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Cardiac cycle with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=1ze6ZxrSDHw|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}
3D computation of a cardiac cycle with the Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian solver of YALES2. This solver and the calculations were done in the I3M lab of the University of Montpellier by C. Chnafa, S. Mendez and F. Nicoud. The color in the movie represents the vorticity.

The grid on which the fluid problem is computed is extracted from 4D (3D + time) medical images from a patient. Ten 3D images are taken from different times during the heart cycle. A grid is extracted from one medical image using a segmentation protocol. Then, grid deformations are computed from the combination of an image registration algorithm and of interpolations process. Hence, boundary movements are extracted from medical images and applied as boundary conditions for the fluid problem, resulting in a patient-specific computation.
The spatial resolution is imposed to be close to 0.8 mm in all three spatial directions along the cycle, which yields grids of approximately three-million tetrahedral elements. Valves are modelled by immersed boundaries, and the heart is handled by a conformal mesh.

== Granular flows ==


=== '''Settling of spherical particles''' ([[User:Ydufresne|Yann Dufresne]]) ===

These results are obtained with the granular flow solver of YALES2 developed during the PhD thesis of Y. Dufresne funded by the ANR project MORE4LESS coordinated by IFP-EN. The flow solver is highly scalable and enables to perform simulations of the settling of 10 million soft spheres on 512 cores of the Curie machine (GENCI, CEA).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Granular flow solver of YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=RddU7d-0Hyw|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=3XMatY-lM6c|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

== Advanced numerics ==


=== '''Immersed boundaries on unstructured grids''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

On the left, 2D computation with YALES2 of the flow around two moving cylinders with an immersed boundary technique implemented for unstructured grids. The color represents the velocity magnitude. On the right, simulation of a stirred-tank reactor with YALES2. The mesh consists of 31 million tetrahedra. Simulation performed by V. Moureau from CORIA and N. Perret from Rhodia-Solvay.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Immersed boundaries with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=4s0iZwdQ1AU|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=VJUX4hv3pfA|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}


=== '''Dynamic mesh adaptation''' ([[User:Moureauv|Vincent Moureau]]) ===

Demonstration of 2D and 3D dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2. 2D remeshing is based on in-house Delaunay triangulation and 3D remeshing is based on the MMG3D library developed by C. Dobrzynski at INRIA.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+ Dynamic mesh adaptation with YALES2
|-
|
{| style="margin: 10px;"
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=riJM_NOeA_M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=5elSG_CxF6M|width=400|height=300}}
|{{#widget:YouTube|id=Eaw3g-l2HbY|width=400|height=300}}
|}
|}

YALES2

2011-07-08T15:45:03Z

Mercier:

{{#customtitle:YALES2 public page|YALES2 public page - www.coria-cfd.fr}}
== Motivation ==

YALES2 aims at the solving of two-phase combustion from primary atomization to pollutant prediction on massive complex meshes. It is able to handle efficiently unstructured meshes with several billions of elements, thus enabling the Direct Numerical Simulation of laboratory and semi-industrial configurations.

YALES2 was developed from 2007 to 2010 by [[User:Moureauv|V. Moureau]] and is maintained since 2011 by [[User:Moureauv|V. Moureau]], [[User:Lartigue|G. Lartigue]] and [[User:Taieb|D. Taieb]] at CORIA and several other [[User|people]] in research laboratories.

== Solvers ==

YALES2 is based on a large numerical library to handle partitioned meshes, various differential operators or linear solvers, and on a series of simple or more complex solvers.
* Scalar solver ('''SCS''')
* Level set solver ('''LSS''')
* Incompressible solver ('''ICS''')
* Variable density solver ('''VDS''')
* Spray solver ('''SPS''' = '''ICS''' + '''LSS''' + Ghost-Fluid Method)
* Lagrangian solver ('''LGS''')
* Compressible solver ('''ECS''')
* Magneto-hydrodynamic solver ('''MHD''')
* Mesh movement solver ('''MMS''')
* Radiative solver ('''RDS''')
* Linear acoustics solver ('''ACS''')
* Heat transfers solver ('''HTS''')

== Models ==
* Turbulence (Large-Eddy Simulation)
** Constant Smagorinsky
** Localized dynamic Smagorinsky
* Mixing
** Constant Schmidt number
* Combustion
** Boger’s model for premixed combustion
** Infinitely fast chemistry with rho and T from 1D tables
** Realistic chemistry: PCM-FPI with arbitrary number of dimensions and spacing + automatic chemtable builder in HDF5 based on Cantera
* Two-phase
** Primary atomization: Ghost-Fluid Method + Conservative level set
** Spray transport: Lagrangian particles with two-way coupling through drag and single-component evaporation.

== Numerics ==
* Spatial: 2nd- and 4th-order finite-volume schemes
* Temporal:
** 4th-order explicit time integration (RK4 and TFV4A) of convective terms
** explicit and implicit diffusion and source terms
* Stabilization: Cook & Cabot 4th-order artificial viscosity
* Linear solvers:
** PCG
** BICGSTAB, BICGSTAB2, BICGSTAB(2)
** Deflated PCG
** Deflated BICGSTAB(2)
** Residual recycling

== Data Structures ==
* 1D, 2D, 3D unstructured solver
* Full dual decomposition based on METIS
* Data registration (int, real, char, node, elem, face, pair, scalar, vector, tensor)
* Optimized non-blocking MPI communications
* Parallel load balancing
* Automatic reconnection of periodic boundaries
* Automatic homogeneous mesh refinement
* IO formats: Gambit (Fluent), Ensight, prepartionned HDF5 (XDMF) with compression
* Cartesian mesh generator
* Partitioned mesh support for HDF5 independent of the number of processors
* Parallel interpolator for partitioned HDF5 meshes
* Automatic sponge layers
* Built-in Gaussian filters of arbitrary size

== Software engineering ==
* 185,000 lines of code
* Object-oriented fortran with modules (f90)
* Version management with SVN
* Inline documentation in the source code (XML + Latex)
* GUI with client/server mode (wxwidgets, C++)
* Automatic validation tests (AQAT, AVVT)
* Automatic dependency of f90 modules in makefiles
* Keyword-based input file
* Easy profiling with timers

== Gallery ==
Some computation examples are given in the [[YALES2_Gallery|gallery]].

== Performances ==
Thanks to highly efficient linear solvers, the speed-up of YALES2 is almost linear for meshes with several billion elements. These measures up to 21 billion elements were performed at IDRIS in France and at the Juelich Supercomputing Center in Germany.

[[File:YALES2 2010 Scale up.png|left|thumb|600px|YALES2 scale-up on Blue Gene/P machines]]